Geography: Azerbaijan has a total area of 86,600 square kilometers and is predominantly mountainous. The highest peak is Bazarduzu, which stands at 4,466 meters. The landscape of Azerbaijan is primarily mountainous, with the Greater Caucasus Mountains running along the country’s northern border. The country also has several major rivers, including the Kura, which runs through the capital city of Baku, and the Aras, which forms the border with Iran. One of Azerbaijan’s most unique geographical features is the Caspian Sea, which includes the country’s eastern border.

Population: According to the most recent estimates, Azerbaijan has approximately 10 million people. Azerbaijan has a diverse ethnic makeup, with Azerbaijanis accounting for around 92% of the population and other minority groups such as Lezgins, Talysh, and Avars making up the remaining 8%. Most of the populace practices Shia Islam, and Azerbaijani is the nation’s official language.

Economy: Azerbaijan has a mixed economy heavily dependent on its oil and gas reserves. The country is a significant oil and natural gas producer, investing heavily in infrastructure to support this industry. In recent years, the government has also focused on developing other sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, tourism, and information technology. Azerbaijan has been a member of the World Trade Organization and has a relatively open trade policy.

Culture: Azerbaijan is characterized by its diversity, hospitality, and pride in its rich heritage. Its culture includes music, dance, literature, and art. Azerbaijani music is known for its traditional instruments, such as the tar and the kamancha, and its distinct vocalization style. The country is also home to several famous writers and poets, including Nizami Ganjavi and Mirza Fatali Akhundov. Azerbaijani cuisine is diverse and includes dolma, plov, and kebab dishes.

Politics: Azerbaijan is a presidential republic with a strong executive branch. The president is the head of state elected in a five-year term through popular vote and is responsible for appointing the prime minister and other top officials. The country has a unicameral parliament known as the Milli Majlis. The ruling party is the New Azerbaijan Party, which has held power since 1993. Azerbaijan is a member of the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the Non-Aligned Movement. It maintains close relations with its neighboring countries and has also developed strong ties with Turkey, Israel, and the United States.

Tourism: Azerbaijan has been shaped by various empires and civilizations, leaving behind a legacy of architectural marvels, museums, and cultural institutions. Visitors can explore the UNESCO-listed Old City of Baku, with its narrow streets, medieval buildings, and historic landmarks, and enjoy the country’s natural wonders, such as the Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and lush forests. Azerbaijan is also known for its delicious cuisine, music, and art, which reflect the country’s diverse cultural influences. From the modern metropolis of Baku to the rustic countryside, Azerbaijan offers a unique and unforgettable travel experience.

Recent History: Azerbaijan’s recent history has been defined by the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, a territorial dispute with neighboring Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The conflict began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, culminating in a full-scale war between Armenia and Azerbaijan from 1991 to 1994. The war resulted in the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding territories by Armenian forces and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Azerbaijanis from their homes